Fluid-power hammer.



J. NAZEL & R. E. BATES.

FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION TILED MAY 16, 1911.

Patented J an 28, 1913.

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JOHN HAZEL AND writ E. BATES, or rnrnmnLrnmrENNsYLvanm; sam Barns assmnoa 'ro sun .nAza-L.

-1'LUID-POWEB Hermann,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed Kay 16,1911. Serial No. 627,427.

l Patented Jan.28, 1913.

To all whom it may concern 7 Be it known that we, JOHN NAZEL and RALPH E. Barns, citizens of the United States, residing in the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Penn- I sylvania, have invented jointly certain Imlimit of its upward. movement.

' Power hammers heretofore constructed have been subjectto vibrations and injuries due,there t o, particularly where solid piston .rods are used, and it is a leading ob eet of our invention to so construct and operate such hammers as to avoid vibrations and bends' or breaks due thereto.

The characteristic'features of our invention are disclosed in the following description and the accompanying .drawings in illustration thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional olevation of a hammer embodying our invention'; Fig. 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of details of the construction shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

The apparatus, as illustrated in the drawings, comprises a usual pedestal 1 which supports a cylinder 2 and a cylinder 3 having their ends connected by the respective passages 4 and 5, the cylinder 2 containing the piston 6 which is reciprocated by the pitman 7 connected therewith and with the revoluble crank shaft 8.

A cylinder 9 is fixed to the head 10 of the cylinder 3, and is provided with the head 11 having a neck 12 thereon, the cylinder 9 communicating with the atmosphere through the head 10. A passage 13 extends through the head 11 and neck 12 and passages 14 and 15 extending through the head, communicate with the chamber 16 containing the ball valve 17. v

The ram comprises the cylinder 18 having the piston 19 on one end and the hollow head 20 on the other end thereof, the cylinder containing the aperture 21 adjacent I to its head. The piston 19 acts in the cylinder 3, and the cylinder 18 is telescoped on the cylinder 9 and acts through the head 10, the latter being formed in two parts to permlt its application to the cylinder 18 an allow the parts of the ram-to be'formed integrally with the piston 19 and head 20 of reater extent than the diameter of the cylinder 18. Guiding ribs 20 are formed on the head 20 and guiding ways 22 are carried byvthe pedestal 1 to control the movement of the head against vibration and turning, the ways having the ribs 23 thereon which lie between the ribs 20. This construction provides the ram not only with a hollow column or cylinder of comparativelylarge diameter, with corresponding resistance to bending, for taking up the shock due to the impact upon the work supported by the anvil 24,- but this column is held at both ends against lateral movement, by the engagement of. the piston 19 with the cylinder 3and of the head 20 with the guide ways 22 while it is held against lateral movement intermediately of the engagements of the parts 19 and 20 by its en-. gagements .with the parts .9, 11 and 10, whereby lateral movement is reduced to a minimum.

In OPBIfifIOIliI iii; the piston 6 rises air. is drawn from the cylinder 3 beneath the piston 19 through the passage 5 and simultaneously air is forced into the cylinder 3 above the piston 19 through the passage 4, which causes the ram to descend, air passing from the interior of the cylinder 9 through the passages 13, 14 and 15 into the cylinder 18 to prevent the retarding effect of a vacuum in this cylinder. -When the piston 6 is moved downwardly, air is drawn 'from the cylinder 3, between the head 10 and piston 19, through the passage 4, and. simultaneously forced into this cylinder between the head 10 and piston 19, through the passage 5, whereby the ram is elevated. As the ram rises, air in the cylinder 18 escapes through the passage 13, until the neck 12 enters the aperture 21 and the outlet from the cylinder through the passage is cut 011', whereby the air remaining in the cylinder is trapped and provides a cushion which checks the further rise of the ram and prevents shock, the escape of air through the passage 15 having been cut off by the closure of this passage by the ball valve17 which is elevated by thepressure of the trapped air.

Having described our invention we claim:

1. In a power hammer, a ram comprising a cylinder having expanded ends forming a piston and a striking head, and guiding means therefor comprising a cylinder engaging said piston and having a head engaging said ram cylinder, a cy inder engaging the interior of said ram cylinder, and ways engaging said striking head, in combination with means for reciprocating said ram.

2. In a power hammer,a ram comprising a cylinder having ends providing a piston and a striking head, a pedestal havin a laterally projectin part providin guiding means engaging the striking head of said ram, a cylinder engaging said piston and having a head engaging said ram cylinder, and a cylinder engaging the interior of said ram cylinder, in combination with means for reciprocating said ram.

3. In a power hammer, a chambered ram, acylinder in which said ram reciprocates, a cylinder u on which said ram reciprocates, said cylindbr last named containing a passage communicatirg with the chamber in said ram, and means for preventing communication between said passage and chamber and trappin air therein, in combination with means or reciprocating said rain.

4. A power hammer comprising a pair of concentric hollow cylinders, the inner cylinder having free communication with the atmosphere, in combination with a ram having a cylinder which acts on and communicates with the interior of said inner cylinder, a iston which acts in said outer cylinder an a head exterior to said cylinders first named, said ram cylinder bein of smaller diameter than the widths of said piston and head and said outer cylinder having a sectional head through which said ram cylinder acts.

5. A power hammer comprising a pair of concentric cylinders, the inner cylinder having in an end thereof within the outer cylinder a neck with a passage therethrough and a passage with a valve for controlling it, in combination with a ram having a piston which acts in said outer cylinder, a cylinder which acts on said inner cylinder, and an aperture adapted to receive said neck whereby air is trapped in said ram cylinder and said valve is caused to close the passage controlled thereby.

6. A power hammer comprising a pair of concentric cylinders, the inner cy inder having a therethrough, in combination with a ram having a piston which acts in said outer cylinder and a cylinder which acts on and communicates with the passage in said inner cylinder, and means whereby communication between'said cylinder and passage is cut oil by the rise of said ram and air is trapped in the cylinder thereof.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our names this 10th day of May, 1911, in the presence of the subscribing witnesses.

JOHN NAZEL. RALPH E. BATES.

Witnesses:

ROBERT A. LINTON, JOHN LINTON. 

